2024-08-30
The Internet of Things (IoT) encompasses not only various physical objects but also a multitude of sensors. Connecting these objects and sensors to the internet can form a vast network. However, existing IoT systems face numerous network issues that hinder global internet proliferation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new technologies that can effectively address these challenges.
Network Challenges Facing the IoT
1.Address Allocation and Planning The core of IoT lies in sensors, which come in many types: some identify object shapes, some measure pressure, and others collect temperature information, among other functions. The number of sensors in a network far exceeds the number of physical objects. To precisely control these sensors, sufficient address space must be allocated. However, the IPv4 address system is saturated and cannot meet the address requirements of the IoT. Therefore, exploring effective solutions is crucial to advance the widespread development of the IoT.
2.IoT Routing Although the internet has numerous terminals and nodes, the routing issues have not been fatal to the IoT so far. However, IoT routing faces a significant challenge: the mobility of numerous nodes. For instance, in a subway system, the number of rapidly moving nodes far exceeds the capacity of existing internet node groups to handle. This mobility support was not fully considered when developing the internet, which could lead to network failures. Thus, finding new technologies to support the large-scale development of the IoT is imperative.
3.Quality of Service (QoS) IPv4 networks achieve QoS primarily through Diffserv (Differentiated Services) and Intserv (Integrated Services) technologies. QoS in IPv4 networks is mostly classified based on traffic types, with Diffserv technology ensuring end-to-end service quality. However, this approach focuses more on the network side's quality requirements and neglects application side needs. To meet the diverse QoS requirements of the IoT, effective technologies that integrate IoT service quality with practical applications need to be identified.
Applications and Advantages of IPv6 Technology in the IoT
1.IPv6 Addressing IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long, providing virtually unlimited address space. The first 64 bits of an IPv6 address are the address prefix, representing the subnet, while the last 64 bits are used to identify nodes within the subnet. IPv6 technology can fully meet the address requirements of the IoT, solving the problem of IPv4 address scarcity.
2.IPv6 Mobility Technology IPv6 introduces the concept of IP address binding and buffering, allowing data to be directly transmitted to mobile nodes. Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) uses unique methods to monitor node mobility. During certain periods, the prefix address of a router interface can notify access routers in a specific area. A change in the router prefix notification indicates that the mobile node has moved to a new access area. Conversely, nodes can form new relocation addresses based on received notifications, reducing network resource loss. MIPv6 technology effectively supports group handovers of sensors, aiding in the large-scale deployment and development of the IoT.
3.IPv6 QoS Technology As the internet evolves, the demand for network service quality increases. IPv6 strengthens QoS services to meet the IoT’s requirements for prioritization, real-time performance, and other quality aspects. IPv6 technology supports differentiated services, scientifically matching network bandwidth to provide superior data transmission for different sensor functions.
In summary, IPv6 technology plays a crucial role in promoting the large-scale development of the IoT. It not only effectively meets the IoT’s address requirements but also addresses issues of node redundancy and mobility, while ensuring service quality. Therefore, IPv6 will be an essential driver in the development of the IoT.
